Daylight Saving

下午没什么事情做，翻译了一篇文章。不晓得翻的如何，不过大意还是可以看的出来。^_^
Daylight Saving system of setting clocks ahead so that both sunrise and sunset occur at a later hour, producing an additional period of daylight in the evening. In the North Temperate Zone clocks are usually set ahead one hour in the spring and set back to standard time in the fall. The correct adjustment is easily remembered via the mantra “spring forward, fall back.” Until the year 2007, daylight-saving time begins at 2 am on the first Sunday of April and ends at 2 am on the last Sunday of October in most of the United States and Canada. Daylight saving is not observed in Hawaii, Arizona, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and Saskatchewan. Beginning in 2007, daylight-saving time will start on the second Sunday of March and will end on the first Sunday of November. Intended to promote energy conservation by starting daylight saving three weeks earlier and ending it one week later, the change was part of the Energy Policy Act of 2005.
日光节约制度，是指将钟表拨快一点，使太阳升起和落山都推迟一些，在晚上制造一段额外的白天时间。在北温带，钟表往往会在春天时拨快一个小时，在秋天时恢复到标准时间。而对时间进行校准调节的是一首简单易记的歌谣”春进秋返”。直到2007年，在美国和加拿大大部分地区，日光节约制度一直都是从四月份第一个星期天的凌晨2点开始，到十月份最后一个星期天的凌晨2点结束。不实行日光节约制度的有夏威夷、亚利桑那、波多黎各、维尔京群岛、关岛、美属萨摩亚群岛和萨斯喀彻温。从2007年开始，日光节约时间将从三月份的第二个星期天开始，到十一月份的第一个星期天结束。这个变化是2005年《能源政策法案》中的一部分，旨在通过将开始时间提前三个星期和推迟一个星期结束，促进能源节约。

The idea of daylight saving was mentioned in a whimsical essay in 1784 by Benjamin Franklin; it was first advocated seriously by a British builder, William Willett, in the pamphlet Waste of Daylight (1907). Daylight saving has been used in the United States and in many European countries since World War I, when the system was adopted in order to conserve fuel needed to produce electric power. Some localities reverted to standard time after the war, but others retained daylight saving. During World War II the U.S. Congress passed a law putting the entire country on “war time,” which set clocks one hour ahead of standard time for the duration of the war. War time was also followed in Britain, where clocks were put ahead still another hour during the summer.
1784年，这个关于日光节约的想法在富兰克林•本杰明的一篇奇怪的评论中被提及。在一本关于浪费日光的小册子(1907)中，它首次被一个英国建筑师威廉•维莱特大力提倡。第一次世界大战开始后，美国和很多欧洲国家为了储存需要生产电力的燃料而使用日光节约制度。在战争结束后，很多地方恢复到了标准时间，但是其他地方却保留了日光节约。在第二次世界大战期间，美国国会通过法律在整个国家实行”战时时间”，也就是指在战争期间内将钟表拨到标准时间的前一个小时。”战时时间”也被英国所采用，而且夏天时还将钟表往前再拨一个小时。

In the United States during peacetime, daylight saving was a subject of controversy. Farmers, who usually work schedules determined by sun time and are therefore inconvenienced when they must conduct business on a different time basis, registered strong opposition. Railroad, bus, and plane scheduling was hampered by time inconsistencies among various cities and states. The Uniform Time Act, enacted by the U.S. Congress in 1966, established a system of uniform (within each time zone) daylight-saving time throughout the United States and its possessions, exempting only those states in which the state legislature voted to keep the entire state on standard time.
在美国的和平时期，日光节约时间曾经是争论的焦点。对于工作时间被太阳时间决定了的农民来说，当他们在不同的时区里进行交易时非常不方便，因此他们成为了强烈的反对者。在不同的城市和国家之间，铁路、巴士、飞机的时刻表也会受到时间冲突的影响。1966年，美国国会颁布了《统一时间法案》，在全国范围内确立并执行了一套统一日光节约时间的制度，并且该制度只能在州立法机构投票决定在全州内部执行标准时间的条件下才能废除。

ps. 最后一段居然掉了一句话：1966年，美国国会颁布了《统一时间法案》，在全国范围内确立并执行了一套统一（包含每个时区）日光节约时间的制度，并且该制度只能在州立法机构投票决定在全州内部执行标准时间的条件下才能废除。
July 24th, 2007 in English | tags:

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